Suchergebnisse

На основе нового корпуса эпистолярных источников из центральных архивов Российской Федерации восстановлен крымский период биографии светского философа, обществоведа и психолога, крупного организатора музейного дела Моисея Исааковича Даяна. Деятельность ученого раскрыта на фоне сложных научных, культурных, общественно-политических процессов, протекавших в СССР в 30-е годы ХХ века. ; Scientific biographies of some scientists, politicians and public figures could be forgotten for various reasons. Thus, in Russia in the 20th century, a large number of names have been erased from the memory of future generations and from the history of science for political reasons, especially in Stalin''s time. The subject of my study is Crimean period of scientific biography of the Soviet philosopher, social scientist and psychologist Moses I. Dayan (real name Moses Gintsburg), who was an organizer of the museum affair in the Sevastopol in 1930s. Key research methods used for these purposes are study of (archival) documents and their textual analysis in the framework of prosopographical approach. Based on the body of epistolary documents from the State archives of the Russian Federation, I reconstructed two episodes of Moses Dayan's life. The first one is the period of his revolutionary and publishing activity (as member of at first General Jewish Labor Bund and then Communist Party) in Feodosia (Crimea) during the Civil War. The second episode is Dayan's scientific and administrative work as Professor of Marxism-Leninism in Sechenov Institute for Physical Methods of Treatment (Sevastopol) and Director of Sevastopol Museum Association. Since Dayan supported Trotsky in 1924 in his conflict with Stalin, Dayan's academic and administrative career was interrupted by ideological reasons during the struggle against Trotskyism in 1935. The vicissitudes of dismissal of Professor Moses Dayan covered in detail in his letters to his friend and scientific protector Nikolai Morozov, Honorary Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, and Director of the Lesgaft Institute of Natural Sciences (Leningrad). I paid special attention to the textual analysis of these letters. It allows me conclude that Prof. Dayan's leadership, organizational and methodological activity created favorable conditions for the development of fruitful scientific research and exposition activity of Sevastopol Museum Association in 1930s. On the contrary, Stalin's ideological cleansing and political repressions significantly reduced theoretical and practical potential of the museum building in the USSR in general and particularly in Crimea.